Young Desi ndian girls at hostel NRI's Photo Gallery

hotos can make you also very crazy in your dreams.Set saree wearing college girls are the main attraction,this is because college and campus sexy photos have greater demand. You can also get more details of sexy actres and models and also many navel colections and saree galleries.I know very well that all my fans and my lakhs of visitors will surely like these sexy pictures. I have newly added some hubs based on the reality show dances that are now taking place in most places.Photos of NRI Girls Abroad Sexy Women From India In Foreign Placesnri 13 unseen desi nri girlsnri 13 unseen desi nri girls78rate or flag this ageBy rmshdcYet another NRI series. This is hot and spicy NRI girls living aboard. NRI - non resident Indians ae one who are settled outside India, born in India. Some have settled permanently and some are just orking. You can follow me in Twitter by clicking here...Related NRI Hot HubGalleriesmega index for 102 hot and spicy actressesmega index 3 non actresses * NRI Parting 1: Collection of Hot Party Photos * NRI Gallery 2: Non-resident indian sexy gallery 2 * NRI 5 - girls, fun and parties * nri holidaying aboard * non resident indians in bikini 5 * nri 6 enjoying aboard * nri 7 partying aboard * nri 8 desi girls board * nri 9 desi girls enjoying * nri 10 non resident indian girls * nri 11 desi girls in party mood * nri 12 sexiest desi girls * nri 13 unseen desi nri girls * Baywatch pakistan: Muslim Pakistani girls in Bikinis * Pakistani Baywatch 2: Bhabhi in Bikini * Pakistani Aunty: Sexy aunty in salwar kameez * Pakistani Aunty 2: Sexy aunty in salwar kameezThere is huge population of non-resident Indian. A non-resident Indian is also called NRI. They are Indian Citizen holding Indian passport, but migrated to another country. In other words, they are expatriate Indian either working in foreign country or living with their spouses.World-wide about 30 million Indian or desi are living aboard as NRI or PIO. PIO (person of Indian origin).Biggest NRI population is in United Arab Emirates – estimated to be around 14 lakhs (1.4 millions) with another million or so in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain, and other gulf countries.A very number of NRI – Non Resident Indians are working in Middle East countries – such as Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, and Oman. A big population of Indians are living in these countries. As per an estimate, about 6 Millions Indians are residing at 6 GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) states. Most of these Indians are from Kerala and to some extend from Andhra Pradesh. Most of the people working in the GCC are labor class. They make huge remit of foreign exchange in billion of US Dollars annually. nri 8 desi girls aboard9rate or flag this pageBy rmshdcSpicy photo sets of hot NRI desi girls. Non-resident Indian living aboard are having fun. Hot desi girls living aboard are much sort after on the net. indian surfers are always on the look out for spicy photo collections of NRI girls and women partying or enjoying holidays aboard. There are several HubGalleries devoted to these photo collection. To keep track you can browse the links below or you can Unknown Beautiful NRI's Photo Gallerynri 10 non resident indian girlsnri 10 non resident indian girls7rate or flag this pageBy rmshdcNRI desi girls is popular series in these HubPages.Presenting yet another set of Photo Collection of hot NRI - non resident indian girls enjoying their life. They are having fun, parties, beaches, bikini and drinks! NRI enjoy special attention not only the Government of India, but also simple guys next door. Government of India is giving them special status as they bring in lot of foregin exchange money into India. Specially through remittances from UAE, Saudi Arabia and other countries. Guys from India like to follow them, because they look beautiful and seductively attractive. Check out the recent Hubpages or HubGalleries of * NRI Parting 1: Collection of Hot Party Photos * NRI Gallery 2: Non-resident indian sexy gallery 2 * NRI 5 - girls, fun and parties * nri holidaying aboard * non resident indians in bikini 5 * nri 6 enjoying aboard * nri 7 partying aboard * nri 8 desi girls aboard * nri 9 desi girls enjoying * Baywatch pakistan: Muslim Pakistani girls in Bikinis * Pakistani Baywatch 2: Bhabhi in Bikini * Pakistani Aunty: Sexy aunty in salwar kameez * Pakistani Aunty 2: Sexy aunty in salwar kameezBiggest NRI population is in United Arab Emirates – estimated to be around 14 lakhs (1.4 millions) with another million or so in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain, and other gulf countries.There is also a large population of desi living in Caribbean. Way back in 1838 to 1917, when slavery was abolished, there was a huge demand for labor and manpower. Caribbean was under British and so was India at that time. So the British under its Raj, brought ship loads of Indians to work in the Caribbean as laborers. The first ship arrived in 5 May 1838. Majority of the Indian arrived from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. And an equal numbers from South India from the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. In some parts of Caribbean, Indian origin population are highest, and in rest of the Caribbean island, it is ranked 2nd.But the most sort after are desi NRI living in United States and other western countries.Here are some beautiful photo collection of NRI desi girls enjoying their holidays aboard in their swimwear and bikini. Hope you too enjoy. mixed masala nri desi women5rate or flag this pageBy rmshdcYet one more hot and spicy NRI desi girls series. This series no.16. For more you can check out my related hot HubGalleries index or the links provided below. Or nri 5 fun and party7ate or flag this pageBy rmshdcNon-Resident Indian - or NRI girls are considered as very attractive. After having lived for a long period, they are frank and outgoing. They wear sexy and lovely dresses. This is one reason one photo collection of NRI women are very much in circulation at the Internet.Recession has hit badly across the world. Banks are shying away giving credit or loansor credit cards. People are loosing jobs. But this is not preventing people from going out partying. In fact in recent times, the sales figures for drinks and booze has gone up. Perhaps to blow away all the worries, people are parting. To forget the pink slips, they sips and hics! non resident indians desi girls aboardA large population Indians residents and work overseas. They are called NRI or Non Resident Indians or PIO = person of Indian Origins. NRI normally holds Indian Passport and they work aboard or settled there for a long time.Visitors to my HubGalleries are mostly from India or from NRI circle. And most of them prefer to have a look at how our desi hot girls are doing aboard as an NRI. Here are some new collection of some personal photos of non resident indian girls enjoying their live aboard.The NRI series is as popluar as Incredible India series. Below I am giving you some quick links to NRI series (on the left) and Incredible Indian series (on the right). Hope you will enjoy this Hubgalleries as well as the hubpages listed below:non resident indians desi girls aboard79rate or flag this pageBy rmshdcA large population Indians residents and work overseas. They are called NRI or Non Resident Indians or PIO = person of Indian Origins. NRI normally holds Indian Passport and they work aboard or settled there for a long time.Visitors to my HubGalleries are mostly from India or from NRI circle. And most of them prefer to have a look at how our desi hot girls are doing aboard as an NRI. Here are some new collection of some personal photos of non resident indian girls enjoying their live aboard.The NRI series is as popluar as Incredible India series. Below I am giving you some quick links to NRI series (on the left) and Incredible Indian series (on the right). Hope you will enjoy this Hubgalleries as well as the hubpages listed below:Incredible India * incredible india 1 happy women * incredible india 2 sweet faces * incredible india 3 desi girl in masti * incredible india 4 aunties in saree * incredible india 5 student masti * incredible india 6 bathing at river * incredible india 7 desi aunties in sexy mood * incredible india 8 desi aunties mixed masala * incredible india 9 desi bikini girls * incredible india 10 all the fun * incredible india 11 desi girls next door * incredible india 12 mixed masala * incredible india 13 photos of real life aunties * incredible india 14 aunties * incredible india 15 everyday facesHot Desi NRI Girls and auntiesmega index for 102 hot and spicy actressesmega index 3 non actressesdesi in bikini index 0 * NRI Parting 1: Collection of Hot Party Photos * NRI Gallery 2: Non-resident indian sexy gallery 2 * NRI 5 - girls, fun and parties * nri holidaying aboard * non resident indians in bikini 5 * nri 6 enjoying aboard * nri 7 partying aboard * nri 8 desi girls aboard * nri 9 desi girls enjoying * nri 10 non resident indian girls * nri 11 desi girls in party mood * nri 12 sexiest desi girls * nri 13 unseen desi nri girls * nri 14 desi non resident indians * non resident desi girls album 15 * mixed masala nri desi womenHot Indian Bikini Girls - Sexy NRI Beach BabesHot Indian Bikini Girls - Sexy NRI Beach Babes65rate or flag this pagey Soyaindian girls in bikini on beachSee all 17 photosindian girls in bikini on beachPhotos of Indian sexy NRI girls in hot bikini with cleavages visible and sexy string bras with their deep navels and thunder thighs, see some hot non resident indian bikini girls photos and a gigantic collection of ultimate Indian Glamour Girls in hot swimwear and random north indian hot aunties in their casual poses and desi babes in transparent bikinis and swimwear on the beach.Brown Babes from India living in other countries like the NRi girls are so Hot and Sexy in their own way. The Raw beauty of these indian girls and desi babes is more appealing than the heavily made up beauty of the actresses and other Photos of NRI Girls Abroad Sexy Women From India In Foreign PlacesPhotos of NRI Girls Abroad Sexy Women From India In Foreign Placesrate or flag this pageBy shinujohn2008Click thumbnail to view full-sizesexy back view of tight jeans girlSee all 31 photosClick thumbnail to view full-sizeClick thumbnail to view full-sizePhotos of NRI Girls Abroad Sexy Women From India In Foreign Places. Thereare many photos in this hub where girls kiss each other.yes lip to lip kissing which is very hot. NRI girls are really enjoying themselves and doing everything dancing and just getting all the fun they were not getting in India. The First girl wearing the tight jeans is my speciality for you all today. It is a surprise gift for all men who love sexy girls. I also have a long list of photos hubs having the sexy pictures of housewives who are very beautiful and hot when they wear sarees or salwar kameez.etc. Indian Actress will have to bow their head in front of these girls who are much beautiful and sexy than my beauties. some nice nri naari partsome nice nri naari part 200rate or flag this pageBy rmshdcNRI Naari in spicy poses. Here is part 20 of Desi NRI girls for you. There are various photo sets collected from various private photo albums. Non-Resident Indian - or NRI girls are considered as very attractive. After having lived for a long period, they are frank and outgoing. They wear sexy and lovely dresses. This is one reason one photo collection of NRI women are very much in circulation at the Internet.World-wide about 30 million Indian or desi are living aboard as NRI or PIO. PIO (person of Indian origin).There is also a large population of desi living in Caribbean. Way back in 1838 to 1917, when slavery was abolished, there was a huge demand for labor and manpower. Caribbean was under British and so was India at that time. So the British under its Raj, brought ship loads of Indians to work in the Caribbean as laborers. The first ship arrived in 5 May 1838. Majority of the Indian arrived from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. And an equal numbers from South India from the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. In some parts of Caribbean, Indian origin population are highest, and in rest of the Caribbean island, it is ranked 2nd.Sexy Pictures of Indian Women Who Are Abroadmixed masala nri desi womenhot girls partinghot girls parting65rate or flag this pageBy yargamIndian NRI girls enjoying their life around the world, everybody agreaing that the indian girls are very beautiful, so they will be always notable at any functions. here the pictures of NRI girls in some night party, they dancing and kissing each other after taking their drinks and all. see and enjoy... Gorgeous Non-Resident Indian Girls posing naughty and sexyGorgeous Non-Resident Indian Girls posing naughty and sexy61rate or flag this pageBy weblogNRI - definitionA non-resident Indian (NRI) is an Indian citizen who has migrated to another country, a person of Indian origin who is born outside India, or a person of Indian origin who resides outside India.Other terms with the same meaning are overseas Indian and expatriate Indian. There is a term(hindi word) used to call Indians - Desi.In common usage, this often includes Indian born individuals (and also people of other nations with Indian blood) who have taken the citizenship of other countries.Watch sexy, hot pics of gorgeous NRI girls, ladies, women, housewives across the world.► More Desi Galleries...Don't miss it heredesi upskirt panty showHot Desi Nri'snon resident indian girls bikini photoshot sexy spicy indian aunties desiNri girls photosNri girls photos71rate or flag this pageBy Tamil Hot ActressNri girls bathingNri girls photosNri girls photosNRI girls from India posting their new latest and stylish pics, images and pictures on various blogs and websites. Even some bold Nri girls making their self shoot video clips and mms clips and than upload on various online video streaming sites like Youtube, meta cafe, Yahoo videos etc.Nri girls are infact desi girls who living in abroad with their families. Here in India girls are resticted in many ways about sex, flirt, parties, grouping with boys and having boyfriends.But in abroad countries like, UK, USA, Canada we noticed that Indian girls mostly don't have any serious restictions from their parents. Parents are also resticted by state laws to hold them under their traditional rules. But if we analysis this whole condition we come to know that this new trend of freedom is much dangerous for young NRI generation, because they are immature in their teenage and join some bad socities due to broad enviornment and less restictions from their parents. But later these girls faces a lot of problems in getting marriage with noble guys.A few days ago, the its reported that a Nri girl ran away and registered their marriage in a neighbouring district. This time too, police produced them before a court, but the family had to return empty-handed as the girl had by then turned 18. A crestfallen Shaji left for England in early July.desi girls partying 6 enjoying lifedesi girls partying 6 enjoying life8rate or flag this pageBy rmshdcNew on Mangalore * Fire in multi-storey building in MangalorePress Trust of India3 days ago Mangalore, Aug 12 (PTI) A major fire broke out in a multi-storeyed trade centre in the heart of the city today, however, fire brigade managed to evacuate over 150 persons trapped inside, a top police official said. * Indiaâ��s Mangalore Refinery Seeks to Sell Jet Fuel for Septembloomberg5 days ago Aug. 11 (Bloomberg) -- Indian oil refiner Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Ltd. is seeking to sell 36,000 metric tons of aviation turbine fuel loading Sept. 9-11, the company said in an e-mailed document. * Indiaâ��s Mangalore Refinery Seeks to Sell Naphtha for SeptemberBloomberg5 days ago Aug. 11 (Bloomberg) -- Indian oil refiner Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemicals Ltd. is seeking to sell 30,000 metric tons of naphtha loading Sept. 22-24, the company said in an e- mailed document.me of most popular hubpages are devoted to NRI girls - that is non-resident Indians. Even more populars are some of party pictures posted on the hubpages.These days some people calling themselves guardians of Indian culture are out to stop the party circuit. Specially they don't like Indian women to drink and dance. For them dancing is OK. But if a female is going to a pub, then these people are out there to prevent it - as what had happened in Mangalore city last week (January 2009).But as the saying goes, the show must go on; the party animals are out there to party! Giving meaning the phrase, Work Hard and Party Harder, everyone is in favor of partying. If drinking is not our culture, then, drinking MUST be ban for all - it shouldn't be gender base ban. More over the recent servey shows that only a very fraction of women in Karnataka are in habit of drinking - a merger 0.4% only.Whatever, I am enjoying my life - as I got these love pictures of desi partying girls - some from India - some NRI partying aboard! This is 6th Hub-album-page of desi girls partying! Enjoy and leave your comments.Desi NRI Girls are willing to pose in seductive dress to please the ever hungry India young boys. For those young boys, presenting here are some hot collection of NRI - our own Non-resident Indian girls partying aboard. The original desi girls are either born and brought up there

Indian Women Off the Streets

pyramid complex in EgyptNeuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria, GermanyThe Temple of the Emerald Buddha – royal chapel within the Grand Palace, Bangkok, Thailand.Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilTourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited".[3] Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2007, there were over 903 million international tourist arrivals, with a growth of 6.6% as compared to 2006. International tourist receipts were USD 856 billion in 2007.[4]Despite the uncertainties in the global economy, international tourist arrivals during the first four months of 2008 followed a similar growth trend than the same period in 2007.[4] However, as a result of the economic crisis of 2008, international travel demand suffered a strong slowdown beginning in June 2008, with growth in international tourism arrivals worldwide falling to 2% during the boreal summer months, while growth from January to April 2008 had reached an average 5.7% compared to its 2007 level. Growth from 2006 to 2007 was only 3.7%, as total international tourism arrivals from January to August were 641 million tourists, up from 618 million in the same period in 2007.[5]Tourism is vital for many countries, such as the U.A.E, Egypt, Greece and Thailand, and many island nations, such as The Bahamas, Fiji, Maldives and the Seychelles, due to the large intake of money for businesses with their goods and services and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries include transportation services, such as airlines, cruise ships and taxis, hospitality services, such as accommodations, including hotels and resorts, and entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls, various music venues and the theatre.DefinitionHunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as people who travel "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity."[6] In 1976, the Tourism Society of England's definition was: "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes."[citation needed] In 1981, the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home.[7]The United Nations classified three forms of tourism in 1994, in its "Recommendations on Tourism Statistics: Domestic tourism", which involves residents of the given country traveling only within this country; Inbound tourism, involving non-residents traveling in the given country; and Outbound tourism, involving residents traveling in another country.[citation needed] The UN also derived different categories of tourism by combining the three basic forms of tourism: Internal tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism; National tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourism; and International tourism, which consists of inbound tourism and outbound tourism. Intrabound tourism is a term coined by the Korea Tourism Organization and widely accepted in orea.[citation needed] Intrabound tourism differs from domestic tourism in that the former encompasses policymaking and implementation of national tourism policies.[citation needed]Recently, the tourism industry has shifted from the promotion of inbound tourism to the promotion of intrabound tourism, because many countries are experiencing tough competition for inbound tourists.[citation needed] Some national policymakers have shifted their priority to the promotion of intrabound tourism to contribute to the local economy. Examples of such campaigns include: "See America" in the United States; "Truly Asia" in Malaysia; "Get Going Canada" in Canada; "Peru. Live the Legend" in Peru; "Wow Philippines" in the Philippines; "Uniquely Singapore" in Singapore; "100% Pure New Zealand" in New Zealand; "Amazing Thailand" in Thailand; "Incredible India" in India; and "The Hidden Charm" in Vietnam.[citation needed]HistoryKinkaku-ji, the Golden Pavilion temple in Kyoto, Japan.Dubai, UAEThe Matterhorn, near Zermatt in the Swiss Alps.The Great Bath at the Roman Baths in Bath, Somerset, one of the world's first health tourism sites.Ski jumping hill in Karpacz, PolandWealthy people have always traveled to distant parts of the world, to see great buildings, works of art, learn new languages, experience new cultures and to taste different cuisines. Long ago, at the time of the Roman Republic, places such as Baiae, were popular coastal resorts for the rich. The word tourism was used by 1811 and tourist by 1840.[19] In 1936, the League of Nations defined foreign tourist as "someone travelling abroad for at least twenty-four hours". Its successor, the United Nations, amended this definition in 1945, by including a maximum stay of six months.[20][edit] Leisure travelLeisure travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom – the first European country to promote leisure time to the increasing industrial population.[citation needed] Initially, this applied to the owners of the machinery of production, the economic oligarchy, the factory owners and the traders. These comprised the new middle class. Cox & Kings was the first official travel company to be formed in 1758.[21]The British origin of this new industry is reflected in many place names. In Nice, France, one of the first and best-established holiday resorts on the French Riviera, the long esplanade along the seafront is known to this day as the Promenade des Anglais; in many other historic resorts in continental Europe, old, well-established palace hotels have names like the Hotel Bristol, the Hotel Carlton or the Hotel Majestic – reflecting the dominance of English customers.Many leisure-oriented tourists travel to the tropics, both in the summer and winter. Places often visited are: Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Thailand, North Queensland in Australia and Florida in the United States.[edit] Winter tourismMajor ski resorts are located in the various European countries (e.g. Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland), Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Korea, Chile and Argentina.[edit] Mass tourismMass tourism could only have developed with the improvements in technology, allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a short space of time to places of leisure interest, so that greater numbers of people began to enjoy the benefits of leisure time.In the United States, the first great seaside resort, in the European style, was Atlantic City, New Jersey and Long Island, New York.In continental Europe, early resorts included: Ostend, popularized by the people of Brussels; Boulogne-sur-Mer (Pas-de-Calais) and Deauville (Calvados) for the Parisians; and Heiligendamm, founded in 1797, as the first seaside resort at the Baltic Sea.[edit] Adjectival tourismsSee also: List of adjectival tourismsAdjectival tourism refers to the numerous niche or specialty travel forms of tourism that have emerged over the years, each with its own adjective. Many of these have come into common use by the tourism industry and academics.[citation needed] Others are emerging concepts that may or may not gain popular usage. Examples of the more common niche tourism markets include:Recent developmentsRed Square in Moscow, Russia.Iguazu Falls on the Argentina-Brazil borderGalápagos Islands, EcuadorPragueBuenos AiresN Seoul Tower in South Korea.There has been an upmarket trend in the tourism over the last few decades, especially in Europe, where international travel for short breaks is common.[citation needed] Tourists have higher levels of disposable income and greater leisure time and they are also better-educated and have more sophisticated tastes.[citation needed] There is now a demand for a better quality products, which has resulted in a fragmenting of the mass market for beach vacations; people want more specialised versions, such as Club 18-30, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays or niche market-targeted destination hotels.The developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low-cost airlines and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism more affordable. There have also been changes in lifestyle, such as retiree-age people who sustain year round tourism. This is facilitated by internet sales of tourism products. Some sites have now started to offer dynamic packaging, in which an inclusive price is quoted for a tailor-made package requested by the customer upon impulse.There have been a few setbacks in tourism, such as the September 11 attacks and terrorist threats to tourist destinations, such as in Bali and several European cities. Also, on December 26, 2004, a tsunami, caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, hit the Asian countries on the Indian Ocean, including the Maldives. Thousands of lives were lost and many tourists died. This, together with the vast clean-up operation in place, has stopped or severely hampered tourism to the area.The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context, travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively, to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations visited by tourists.[edit] Sustainable tourism"Sustainable tourism is envisaged as leading to management of all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can be fulfilled while maintaining cultural integrity, essential ecological processes, biological diversity and life support systems." (World Tourism Organization)Sustainable development implies "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987)[22][edit] Eco-tourismMain article: Eco-tourism[edit] Medical tourismMain article: Medical tourismWhen there is a significant price difference between countries for a given medical procedure, particularly in Southeast Asia, India, Eastern Europe and where there are different regulatory regimes, in relation to particular medical procedures (e.g. dentistry), travelling to take advantage of the price or regulatory differences is often referred to as "medical tourism".[edit] Educational tourismEducational tourism developed, because of the growing popularity of teaching and learning of knowledge and the enhancing of technical competency outside of the classroom environment.[citation needed] In educational tourism, the main focus of the tour or leisure activity includes visiting another country to learn about the culture, such as in Student Exchange Programs and Study Tours, or to work and apply skills learned inside the classroom in a different environment, such as in the International Practicum Training Program.[edit] Other developments[edit] Creative tourismCreative tourism has existed as a form of cultural tourism, since the early beginnings of tourism itself. Its European roots date back to the time of the Grand Tour, which saw the sons of aristocratic families traveling for the purpose of mostly interactive, educational experiences. More recently, creative tourism has been given its own name by Crispin Raymond and Greg Richards[citation needed], who as members of the Association for Tourism and Leisure Education (ATLAS), have directed a number of projects for the European Commission, including cultural and crafts tourism, known as sustainable tourism. They have defined "creative tourism" as tourism related to the active participation of travelers in the culture of the host community, through interactive workshops and informal learning experiences.[citation needed]Meanwhile, the concept of creative tourism has been picked up by high-profile organizations such as UNESCO, who through the Creative Cities Network, have endorsed creative tourism as an engaged, authentic experience that promotes an active understanding of the specific cultural features of a place.[citation needed]More recently, creative tourism has gained popularity as a form of cultural tourism, drawing on active participation by travelers in the culture of the host communities they visit. Several countries offer examples of this type of tourism development, including the United Kingdom, the Bahamas, Jamaica, Spain, Italy and New Zealand.[edit] Dark tourismOne emerging area of special interest tourism has been identified by Lennon and Foley (2000)[citation needed] as "dark" tourism. This type of tourism involves visits to "dark" sites, such as battlegrounds, scenes of horrific crimes or acts of genocide, for example: concentration camps. Dark tourism poses severe ethical and moral dilemmas: should these sites be available for visitation and, if so, what should the nature of the publicity involved be. Dark tourism remains a small niche market, driven by varied motivations, such as mourning, remembrance, macabre curiosity or even entertainment. Its early origins are rooted in fairgrounds and medieval fairs.[23][edit] Growthnternational tourism receipts in 2005he Hagia Sophia – originally a church, later a mosque, now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey.The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) forecasts that international tourism will continue growing at the average annual rate of 4 %.[24] By 2020 Europe will remain the most popular destination, but its share will drop from 60% in 1995 to 46%. Long-haul will grow slightly faster than intraregional travel and by 2020 its share will increase from 18% in 1995 to 24%.[citation needed]With the advent of e-commerce, tourism products have become one of the most traded items on the internet.[citation needed] Tourism products and services have been made available through intermediaries, although tourism providers (hotels, airlines, etc.) can sell their services directly. This has put pressure on intermediaries from both on-line and traditional shops.It has been suggested there is a strong correlation between Tourism expenditure per capita and the degree to which countries play in the global context.[25] Not only as a result of the important economic contribution of the tourism industry, but also as an indicator of the degree of confidence with which global citizens leverage the resources of the globe for the benefit of their local economies. This is why any projections of growth in tourism may serve as an indication of the relative influence that each country will exercise in the future.Space tourism is expected to "take off" in the first quarter of the 21st century, although compared with traditional destinations the number of tourists in orbit will remain low until technologies such as a space elevator make space travel cheap.[citation needed]Technological improvement is likely to make possible air-ship hotels, based either on solar-powered airplanes or large dirigibles.[citation needed] Underwater hotels, such as Hydropolis, expected to open in Dubai in 2009, will be built. On the ocean, tourists will be welcomed by ever larger cruise ships and perhaps floating cities.[citation needed][edit] Latest trendsAs a result of the economic crisis of 2008, international arrivals suffered a strong slowdown beginning in June 2008. Growth from 2007 to 2008 was only 3.7% during the first eight months of 2008. The Asian and Pacific markets were affected and Europe stagnated during the boreal summer months, while the Americas performed better, reducing their expansion rate but keeping a 6% growth from January to August 2008. Only the Middle East continued its rapid growth during the same period, reaching a 17% growth as compared to the same period in 2007.[5] This slowdown on international tourism demand was also reflected in the air transport industry, with a negative growth in September 2008 and a 3.3% growth in passenger traffic through September. The hotel industry also reports a slowdown, as room occupancy continues to decline.[5] As the global economic situation deteriorated dramatically during September and October as a result of the global financial crisis, growth of international tourism is expected to slow even further for the remaining of 2008, and this slowdown in demand growth is forecasted to continue into 2009 as recession has already hit most of the top spender countries, with long-haul travel expected to be the most affected by the economic crisis.[5]. However, some travel destinations have experienced growth during hard economic times, drawing on low costs of living, accessibility, and friendly immigration laws permitting tourists to stay for extended periods of time. Recession tourism, a phrase coined by Matt Landau in his research about Panama, has evolved as an alternative escape option for nervous crisis-goers in 2009.[citation needed]According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, direct tourism employment comprises all jobs where the workers are engaged in the production of direct tourism output (such as hotel staff, airline pilots, and souvenir sellers). In the third quarter of 2008, tourism-related employment of 8.6 million jobs in the US consisted of 5.9 million (69%) direct tourism jobs—jobs where workers produce goods and services sold directly to visitors—and 2.7 million (31%) indirect tourism-related jobs. Indirect tourism refers to jobs where workers produce goods and services used to produce what visitors buy. As the US economy struggled, in the fourth quarter of 2008, passenger air transportation continued to contract—falling 13.0% in 2008, after decreasing 20.0% in the third quarter. Spending on domestic flights declined for the fifth consecutive quarter but real spending on international flights rose a modest 1.0% after a sharp decline of 35.4%in the previous quarter. [26]In the USA in 2008, revenue in the tourism industry fell by 3.5% to $1.31 trillion dollars. While still a large amount, tourism revenue fell as unemployment in the country and around the world rose and the international economic recession led to the cancellation of planned trips, including trips to US. [27][edit] Negative impacts This section requires expansion.Tourism is the issue that nearly every city faces. It is worldwide and a threat to beaches, famous landmarks,holy areas and also resorts. Attracting a high volume of tourists can have negative impacts, such as the impact

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seriesBiggest NRI population is in United Arab Emirates – estimated to be around 14 lakhs (1.4 millions) with another million or so in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain, and other gulf countries.There is also a large population of desi living in Caribbean. Way back in 1838 to 1917, when slavery was abolished, there was a huge demand for labor and manpower. Caribbean was under British and so was India at that time. So the British under its Raj, brought ship loads of Indians to work in the Caribbean as laborers. The first ship arrived in 5 May 1838. Majority of the Indian arrived from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. And an equal numbers from South India from the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. In some parts of Caribbean, Indian origin population are highest, and in rest of the Caribbean island, it is ranked 2nd.But the most sort after are desi NRI living in United States and other western countries.Here are some beautiful photo collection of NRI desi girls enjoying their holidays aboard in their swimwear and bikini. Hope you too enjoy. In hubPages, there are several hubs devoted to NRI girls - Non-Resident Indians. Photo collection of girls who have migrated aboard couple of generation ago are most wanted on the net. In various forum , social networking sites, there are such hot collection of photos - some are partying girls - and a lot more are on the beach side. They are willing to pose in seductive dress to please the ever hungry India young boys.for those young boys, presenting here are some hot collection of NRI - our own Non-resident Indian girls partying aboard. The original desi girls are either born and brought up there or have moved years ago!Enjoy and send in your comments. Also you can add or send you own such photos for inclusion into my Gallery No.2. attractive. Check out the recent Hubpages or HubGalleries of these NRI desi girl seriesBiggest NRI population is in United Arab Emirates – estimated to be around 14 lakhs (1.4 millions) with another million or so in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain, and other gulf countries.There is also a large population of desi living in Caribbean. Way back in 1838 to 1917, when slavery was abolished, there was a huge demand for labor and manpower. Caribbean was under British and so was India at that time. So the British under its Raj, brought ship loads of Indians to work in the Caribbean as laborers. The first ship arrived in 5 May 1838. Majority of the Indian arrived from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. And an equal numbers from South India from the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. In some parts of Caribbean, Indian origin population are highest, and in rest of the Caribbean island, it is ranked 2nd.But the most sort after are desi NRI living in United States and other western countries.Here are some beautiful photo collection of NRI desi girls enjoying their holidays aboard in their swimwear and bikini. Hope you too enjoy. In hubPages, there are several hubs devoted to NRI girls - Non-Resident Indians. Photo collection of girls who have migrated aboard couple of generation ago are most wanted on the net. In various forum , social networking sites, there are such hot collection of photos - some are partying girls - and a lot more are on the beach side. They are willing to pose in seductive dress to please the ever hungry India young boys.for those young boys, presenting here are some hot collection of NRI - our own Non-resident Indian girls partying aboard. The original desi girls are either born and brought up there or have moved years ago!Enjoy and send in your comments. Also you can add or send you own such photos for inclusion into my Gallery No.2. attractive. Check out the recent Hubpages or HubGalleries of these NRI desi girl seriesBiggest NRI population is in United Arab Emirates – estimated to be around 14 lakhs (1.4 millions) with another million or so in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain, and other gulf countries.There is also a large population of desi living in Caribbean. Way back in 1838 to 1917, when slavery was abolished, there was a huge demand for labor and manpower. Caribbean was under British and so was India at that time. So the British under its Raj, brought ship loads of Indians to work in the Caribbean as laborers. The first ship arrived in 5 May 1838. Majority of the Indian arrived from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. And an equal numbers from South India from the states of Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu. In some parts of Caribbean, Indian origin population are highest, and in rest of the Caribbean island, it is ranked 2nd.But the most sort after are desi NRI living in United States and other western countries.Here are some beautiful photo collection of NRI desi girls enjoying their holidays aboard in their swimwear and bikini. Hope you too enjoy. In hubPages, there are several hubs devoted to NRI girls - Non-Resident Indians. Photo collection of girls who have migrated aboard couple of generation ago are most wanted on the net. In various forum , social networking sites, there are such hot collection of photos - some are partying girls - and a lot more are on the beach side. They are willing to pose in seductive dress to please the ever hungry India young boys.for those young boys, presenting here are some hot collection of NRI - our own Non-resident Indian girls partying aboard. The original desi girls are either born and brought up there or have moved years ago!Enjoy and send in your comments. Also you can add or send you own such photos for inclusion into my Gallery No.2. There is large population of Indian who are living aboard. Most favored are the ones who are in the United States, followed by Non-resident Indians in Gulf countries like Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait etc...Even more popular are the NRI girls. They tend to live their life to its fullest. They do freak out and enjoy their life. Here is Photo Set of NRI desi girls enjoying their holidays aboard. Some are in bikinis and at sea. artying is cool! That was the trend until recently. Every other person on earth wanted to be seen at one party or the other. And the trend of appearing in Page 3 was rampant across all cities and even towns! Web is place where you can find photos of all those partying bellys! These pictures have become most watched photos on the internet. Especially the class of Indians, who are deprived of party culture! They would lay their eyes to any party photo of sexy dressed party girls and women!You might be dreaming about joining such parties and cheers with those sexy willing party girls! Partying is considered COOL! But that was till recently. There is too much partying going on these days. And party is being turning to be uncool. Celebrities are not interested any more in partying – even if they do party, they make sure that their pictures are not clicked and published in page 3! They simply resort to PLEASE PHOTO MAT LO! Tack ticks.But certain sections of Indian audience still admire Partying Girls and their pictures. Web is a place where you can find all kinds of parties and partying girls. Page3 Girls and women are too willing to be photographed and published in the web. Presentng to you here is some of the Parting girls photos which did not find way to Page 3!Till recently partying and socializing was considered an opportunity to display the designer cloths and taste you are into. But partying days are over. Several celebrities have given up partying. And they don’t want to seen in every party happening in the city!“Work hard, party harder” is no more valid these days! People tend to be choosy in going to parties these days. They wanted to have quality time when it comes to spending their time at the party.These party girls wanted to be seen less and less – and be in demand always. Saree Photos of Real Life Indian Girls is my special episode for my Fans Club Members. Photos of girls in saree especially excluding actress that is nonactress photos is a very difficult thing. The albums and photos that i got from my friends in india helped me create this photo gallery of very nice pictures which are of normal life and it may also seem sexy to people beased on their likes. If you have not yet joined my club which is completely free, see my profile page. More cllections of photos of actress and saree and set mundu specials will be coming very soon. Tamila and Malayalam has got lot of beautiful people who are beautiful that celebrities. Everyone of you will love to see the best collection of Non Resident Beautiful Indian Girls Photos. Indian actress will be nothing before girls like this abroad. I am aslo such a girl who is in Dubai so i know what will be inthe minds of them. Enjoying every minute is the policy of such teens, They have lot of money with them given by parents which they want to finish some way by giving party to their friends or attending marriages. Indian Girls in Dubai Hot Pictures Series 40. By now everyone has seen most of my photos collection of celebrities and housewives as i have been hubbing for the past 10 months. New face models becoem popular through albums and i also make their photo galleries but my fans are more interseted with photos of Real life Situation Photos.Indian girls will be the main essence in these hubs. May be you think that they are models or actress. They are not at all celebrities or any well known actress, but they are ordinary ever loving bauties who are just married. India is always rich with beauties of this kind and in these editions most of these women are from rich families and these pictures were taken by them when they were on pleasure trips or tours to places for enjoying their luxurious life. Saree photos showing the traditional value of Indian culture is also included so that its memories will not fad away on seeing modern dress like jeans and salwars. Let me join Kathy and Mark in welcoming you to this meeting on Adolescent Girls and Cross Generational Transactional Sex. Apologies for not being able to join you this morning. What I will try to do in my talk this afternoon is to build a bridge between the morning’s discussion on the prevalence and associated risks of this phenomenon and the discussions you will have in the afternoon which I understand will focus on what to do about this problem and how to move ahead. Let’s begin with some of the facts that I think were established this morning. First, we now know that cross generational transactional sex is a reality and may be more widely prevalent than we imagined in some settings and not as widely prevalent as we imagined in other settings. Second, we now know that the nature of these relationships is far more complex that we first believed. They range all the way from consensual relationships to coercive relationships, from relationships that benefit both parties, economically, socially, and/or sexually to those that are exploitative in nature. And third, we now know that sexual relationships between young adolescent women and older men pose a significant risk for younger women, a risk of HIV and other STDs. All these facts were brought home to me somewhat harshly almost ten years ago during a visit to Ibadan University in Nigeria. I vividly remember a conversation I had with five teenage girls, between the ages of 17 to 19 years, who quite bluntly told me that they and many of their friends were in relationships with more than one man simultaneously. Upon enquiring further I learned that it was common for them to have one boyfriend who was their age who was the romantic interest but was likely to be a temporary relationship, another couple of men who served, as they called them, as “spare tires” who were typically somewhat older, fun to be with, and had the money to fulfill their teenage wants – lipstick, handbags, nail polish, etc -- and sometimes, if they were lucky, a third type, the man who they ultimately hoped to marry who was likely to be a good, reliable, stable person but not always fun. I remember listening to them with some curiosity and with the dispassionate interest of a researcher, wondering whether this choice of options meant that the girls were truly empowered or whether these were false options, an illusion of empowerment that in reality was a symptom of being trapped in a society with patriarchal and commercial values. I asked whether they were aware of the health risks involved and whether they used condoms. Feeling somewhat patronized by my question, one of them replied: “Don’t worry, we take care of ourselves. Condoms are not always possible, so we make sure we are safe from infection by taking two tablets of penicillin before each date.” Now as the mother of a 17 year old daughter, I am much less dispassionate in the face of such statements – anxious and terrified would be a more accurate description. Terrified of adolescents’ almost universal need for adventure and their sense of immortality, combined with a supposedly pragmatic, but not always informed, problem solving attitude that is cleverly designed to deny or reject any possibility of future pain or other hurtful consequences! Those of you who are parents of teenagers know what I mean. It is from this viewpoint, that of a mother of a teenage daughter, that I now see three other realities associated with this phenomenon of cross generational, transactional sex. The first reality is that this issue, more than most others, tempts us to blur the lines between the dictates of our personal morality and our professional, public health goals. And the second reality is that the unequal balance of power that typically characterizes most gender relations is exacerbated in cross-generational sexual relations by the large age and income differentials that are typical in such relationships. This extreme inequality puts adolescent women at risk of not just HIV infection and other STDs, but also violence, low self esteem, and warped and unhealthy social and psychological development. And the third reality is that the transactional nature of these relationships is in part a mimicking of the many societal institutions, both in the North and in the South, that treat a woman’s sexuality as a marketable commodity. Let us pause to reflect upon the implications of each of these three realities because I believe that in order to be effective our responses to the phenomenon of cross generational transactional sex must take them into account. Public Health Imperatives versus Morality: Let us begin with the first reality. We have all noticed that a blurring of morality with public health imperatives occurs, not just when discussing this particular type of adolescent sexual activity, but when there is any public discussion of adolescents having sex! There is something instinctive, almost primal, which makes us as adults not want to think of adolescents as sexual beings. We now know the costs of such instinctive behavior. Strong societal norms of virginity before marriage, we know, paradoxically puts young women at risk by restricting their access to information on sex and reproductive health services because they are worried that they will be thought to be sexually active. Also when strong strictures of abstinence until marriage occur in the context of a culture of silence and shame that surrounds sex, the problem is further magnified. As Deborah Haffner, ex-President of Seicus recently said in discussing the situation in the U.S. “What does it say about us as a country if we believe that sex is so dirty, that we must save it for the one we love.” Let us be clear—warning pre-adolescents of the risks of early and unsafe sexuality and promoting abstinence and delayed sexual debut during adolescence is the right thing to do – BUT such programs must be accompanied by full information about sex and how adolescents can protect themselves once they are sexually active. It is clear that in this matter we cannot let a misinterpretation of morality and religion, or for that matter our politics, stand in the way of this public health imperative. It would be immoral to do so. We know the value of information and we know through research that information on sexuality or access to sexual health services does not cause promiscuity. As one young gentleman at the International AIDS Conference in Barcelona so eloquently put it: If we believe condoms cause promiscuity, we must believe that umbrellas cause rain! But in order for sex education to seem real and meaningful to adolescents, it must go beyond the pure public health goals of disease prevention to the promotion of positive and pleasurable sex that is rooted in values that are fundamental to both AIDS prevention and to healthy personal development –I refer here to the values of consensual, respectful, responsible, and mutually satisfying sex. Sex education that is restricted to mere facts without allowing for interactive discussion about the values that are critical for healthy intimacy, does adolescents a grave disservice. Grounding information about sex in human values is particularly important if we are to successfully address the problem of cross generational transactional sex. It is also important to remember that there is a clear distinction between strictures of morality that threaten serious consequences if not adhered to and messages that underscore the need for caring and responsibility in sexual interactions. While the former instills fear and undermines self confidence, the latter provides the basis for healthy development. But for us to do any of this we must, as a first step, do all we can to end the silence and shame that surrounds sex. One way to do this is to encourage leaders from all sectors of society, who are credible and reputable to speak up about the benefits to our children and to society as a whole of talking openly and plainly about sex and plesu. At ICRW we are currently using this method of working with local leaders and spokespersons to break the silence on other taboo and sensitive subjects such as domestic violence in India and stigma about HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, Zambia, and Tanzania, in an attempt to bring about normative change. In the case of domestic violence, this approach worked well to make the issue more visible in public discourse in India. The results for stigma have yet to be measured though we are confident that it will catalyze change in attitudes over time. Moving now to the second reality—Consequences of an Unequal Balance of Power for Health, Development, and Self Esteem: Cross generational relationships are a cause for concern not only because the age differential increases the probability that young women will be exposed to an HIV infected partner but also because the large age differential exacerbates the already existing imbalance of power that is typical in gender relations and in heterosexual relationships. This inequality can greatly compromise a young woman’s ability to control resources or make decisions that are favorable for her. The consequences are noticeable not only in terms of a reduced ability to negotiate protection against HIV and other STDs, but also in terms of increased vulnerability to sexual coercion, violence, and lowered self esteem. Thus, the goal of our efforts should not be just to increase the use of condoms in cross-generation relationships but to also reduce cross-generational relationships that exacerbate an inequality in the balance of power. In this context it is important to take note that in much of the developing world cross-generational sex most often occurs within marriage, since a large age differential between a woman and her husband is an accepted norm. Yet, marital relationships are often left out of discussions on cross generational sex. This is particularly problematic in high prevalence countries where the risk faced by a young wife due to the age differential within marriage, is likely to be the same as that in a non-marital cross generational relationship. In fact, it has been argued that young women have less leverage to negotiate protection against both disease and pregnancy within marriage than in non-marital relationships. Thus, any recommendations we make to reduce the risks associated with cross generational sex must include the situation of married adolescent girls. And any policy recommendation to decrease the age of marriage because of a delusionary belief that marriage is protective for girls, must be actively challenged. Ultimately, though, the phenomenon of cross generational transactional sex conjures up images of older men preying on the innocence of young women and exploiting their bodies. While we know this is not always true, there is a need to ensure that efforts to reduce this phenomenon include programs to promote sexual and family responsibility among men. In an effort to do just this, ICRW will soon be working with three field offices of UNICEF to implement a communications and education strategy on the role and responsibility of men in reducing girls’ and young women’s vulnerability to HIV. The idea is to appeal to men as fathers, fathers-in-law and grandfathers and to call upon them to assist in confronting the costs of the double standard of sexuality that currently requires girls to be faithful, passive, and innocent in matters regarding sex and boys to have variety in sexual partners and be sexually expert. The program will appeal to adult men to join hands with adult women to assist in empowering the girls of their nations through an intergenerational collaborative effort so that young girls can fully develop their potential without fear of infection, violence, or sexual exploitation. This approach of creating opportunities for youth and adults to work together to bring abouial change is one that ICRW has explored fairly recently. Exactly a year ago we invited 20 adult and youth leaders from around the world to together come up with recommendations for breaking the cycle of poverty that entraps generation after generation. With the help of resource persons and creative facilitators, the participants generated actionable recommendations. But more importantly, they experienced the value of joining hands across generations to solve common problems. I believe that such an exercise can be usefully replicated at the community level to tackle the problem of cross generational transactional sex. Moving on to the third reality—Sex as a Marketable Commodity: Perhaps the most shocking component of the phenomenon we are discussing today is the pragmatic way in which young women seem to be using sex as a marketable commodity in relationships that do not fall within the traditional definition of commercial sex. The automatic conclusion we draw from this is that women do this for economic survival. What we have learned is that in reality there is a continuum of economic need and that although survival motivates some young women to engage in transactional sex, for others the motives seem more akin to economic security or economic comfort – wants rather than needs. The underlying problem though is the same: women have restricted access to financial resources and they rightly perceive access to money and all that it buys as the basis for gaining power in society. This was brought home to us most starkly in a study that ICRW, in collaboration with Engender Health and in-country organizations, recently conducted in Nepal. The adolescent and adult women in those communities had a clear understanding of, and talked articulately about, the paramount importance of financial resources for acquiring power in domestic relationships, and their aspirations to acquire egree of economic stability and comfort. Yet they did not have the mobility, the education, or the skills to acquire the jobs or other opportunities to fulfill their aspirations. Many of the adolescent girls in the sample, thus, pragmatically viewed the exchange of sex for money, gifts or long-term security as the one viable and efficient way to meet their goals. Although shocking, such an attitude should come as no surprise. Societal institutions in many countries treat women’s sexuality and its outcomes as an economic commodity to be exchanged or sold. Marriage, for example, frequently involves a financial transaction or barter based on the bride’s sexual purity or proven fertility. The behavior of adolescent women is a mere reflection of this same ethic. Providing young women with the necessary education and skills to earn a livelihood and have an economic future, is likely to contribute to a reduction in the incidence of the transactional sex by directly giving women an alternative way to meet their economic needs or even their teenage wants. More importantly, though, the opportunity to have a livelihood can have an indirect impact on the incidence of transactional sex by giving young women hope for a future, a goal to be attained, and a stronger sense of self. At the international level, there is now an UN-led initiative on youth employment initiated by the Secretary-General himself and cosponsored by the International Labor Organization and the World Bank, which seeks to work with national governments to develop policies and programs to provide youth with the skills and opportunities necessary to earn a livelihood. ICRW is currently working as a part of this international initiative to determine concrete ways in which women, particularly young women, can have equal opportunities to access economic opportunities. While such initiatives to increase employment and educational opportunities are indeed necessary, we are now learning that some educational settings may increase young girls’ risk and that employment opportunities may sometimes have the effect of increasing young women’s risk of acquiring STDs, including HIV. We are learning through research that ICRW is conducting in collaboration with Princeton University and Mahidol Univeristy in Thailand, that when employment requires young women to leave home and migrate to distant places where there are no protective social networks or access to services and information, their vulnerability to infection and exploitation may be affected. It is also important to recognize that single types of economic interventions at the micro level, such as microfinance programs, while necessary may not be sufficient to bring about the economic empowerment required to reduce the incidence of transactional sex. What is required is for such micro level changes to be accompanied by macro level policy interventions that can at an aggregate level change the nature of educational and economic opportunities for women and thereby reduce the inequality of power in gender relations. As we meet here, another meeting is being hosted at ICRW that is analyzing trade policies, such as GATS and TRIPS , and their implications for reproductive health services and technologies. In conclusion, let me return to the young women I met in Nigeria and remind ourselves that the cross generational transactional sex is a complex phenomenon, associated with a wide range of underlying causes and motives, and with a variety of potential consequences and costs for young women. Any single intervention, as a result, will not suffice. As you discuss the recommendations for reducing this phenomenon this afternoon, I would encourage you to think of comprehensive efforts that integrate for example, values-based sex education with appropriate economic interventions for adolescent women, while also targeting adult men and women and encouraging them to work together to ensure the healthy social, sexual, and psychological development of their daughters. To know the exact combination of interventions that will be work in any particular context, we will need further research – research that is informed by today’s discussion. But let us draw from lessons we have learned from past experience which have shown us that economic interventions alone do not suffice to move sex workers away from prostitution. Instead, such economic interventions provide sex workers with much needed additional income. Sex workers explain that giving up prostitution is not that easy. For most it is a life style that is difficult to leave because of the indelible stigma that it leaves on those who engage in prostitution which makes it difficult for them to be accepted in more mainstream occupations. Similarly, just sex education alone for young women who are poor is not enough. In the ultimate analysis, reducing the occurrence of this phenomenon is going to require normative change in the societies in which it is prevalent. Although social change typically takes time, I am convinced that because AIDS is fatal, the social processes necessary to bring about the normative changes that are required are more likely to happen now than ever before. An essential ingredient is community mobilization and strong leadership – leaders who express a lack of tolerance for such relationships, who communicate to young women the importance of valuing their bodies and their sexuality, who foster an open and frank discussion of sex with adolescents, and who work to create equal access to educational and economic opportunities for young women. The challenge for us is to find ways to facilitate such mobilization and leadership. A challenge we must meet, because without that, we will continue to sacrifice our daughters to this terrible epidemic. This meeting is a first step in the right direction. It is important to maintain this momentum and put in place the necessary research initiatives, advocacy campaigns, and policy and project interventions that will go beyond describing the problem to determining what to do about it. I wish you luck in your discussion this afternoon as you seek to identify the priorities for the future. Thank you.